Serious cardiovascular events have a high incidence of morbidity and mortality in the haemodialysis population.

For the past two decades MHT prescribing information warnings have been based on the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) trials which flagged a concern of increased breast cancer mortality.

In 2024 the National Institute of Communicable Diseases investigated an outbreak of bacteraemia due to a spore-forming non-pathogenic bacillus with known probiotic properties – Alkalihalobacillus clausii.