Antibiotic-associated colitis is caused by the organism Clostridioides difficile. This randomised placebo-controlled trial investigated the efficacy of oral vancomycin in preventing recurrence of a C. difficile infection (CDI) in patients treated for CDI in the preceding 6 months now requiring systemic antibiotics for another indication. Recruitment challenges resulted in the study being underpowered; the incidence of CDI in the treated arm was lower than the placebo arm (43.6% vs 57.1%) but did not reach statistical significance. Further research is needed to guide how best to prevent CDI recurrences.

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